高职院校思政课实践性教学的组织与协调机制初探

当前高职院校思政课实践性教学已普遍开展,各高职院校正不断开拓新的实践性教学活动模式,摸索全面的评价机制,但在这些尝试中,也暴露出一些实践性教学活动在组织实施过程中存在的问题。文章针对这些问题,在思政课实践性教学组织与协调方面进行了深刻剖析,为适应新形势下思政课实践性教学的要求,提出了几点建议。     

广西柳江县蔬菜周年高效栽培模式

结合当地种植习惯与市场需求，广西柳江县开发了5 种蔬菜周年高效栽培模式，经济效益显著，每667 m² 净收入10 000 ～ 20 000 元。     

刍议城市规划中的环境保护问题思考

城市的可持续发展离不开科学、合理的城市规划。城市规划必须考虑到城市的发展和人们生活的方方面面的问题,其中,城市规划中的环境保护问题更是重中之重,必须受到城市规划者的高端重视。本文论述城市规划中的环境保护问题。     

Does reverse growth dominance develop in old plantations of Eucalyptus saligna?

Patterns of stand growth and dominance among individual trees change through stand development. We tested a prediction that large, old plantations of Eucalyptus saligna (Sm.) in Hawaii and Brazil would show a pattern of “reverse” growth dominance, with the largest trees contributing more to stand biomass than to current stand increment. This pattern might develop if the largest trees accounted for a large portion of the total resource use of the stand, but were less efficient at utilizing resources to produce stemwood. The 70-year-old plantation in Hawaii had a stem mass of 610 Mg/ha, compared with 325 Mg/ha in the 66-year-old Brazil plantation. Cumulative frequency plots for both sites showed that dominant trees comprised a very large proportion of total stand mass; the largest 20% of the trees accounted for 50% and 30% of the total stand mass in Hawaii and Brazil, respectively. Contrary to expectations, the largest trees continued to produce a disproportionately large amount of total stand growth, with the largest 20% of trees accounting for 60% (Hawaii) and 40% (Brazil) of stand growth. The frequency distributions resulted in positive growth dominance coefficients (similar to Gini coefficients) of 0.14 for Hawaii and 0.09 for Brazil, rather than negative values that would indicate that reverse growth dominance. The failure of these monoculture Eucalyptus stands to develop reverse growth dominance contrasts starkly with a variety of studies with pine species, which tend to show neutral-to-reverse growth dominance. Indeed, continued dominance of large trees suggests the trees might respond well to silvicultural treatments such as thinning or fertilization. Future work that contrasts patterns of growth dominance among species will be important as a foundation for developing generalizations about trends in growth dominance with stand development.     

阿勒泰地区沙棘资源建设和产业开发现状及对策

本文分析了阿勒泰地区目前资源建设和产业开发的可行性、必要性,以及存在问题。提出了发展对策。即：建设沙棘经济型种植园、沙棘生态经济型种植园和沙棘综合经营型种植园;同时建立产、供、销一体化的产业开发服务体系。     

成都港两侧秋季鸟类资源调查

2013年9月至2013年11月,采用样线法对乐山市五通桥区冠英镇和牛华镇的鸟类资源进行了调查.共记录到冠英镇鸟类28种,隶属5目17科.牛华镇共记录到鸟类35种,隶属6目19科.多样性分析表明,冠英镇农田生境多样性指数最高（2.645）,牛华镇水域生境均匀度指数最高（0.949）,2个镇的水域生境之间的相似性最低（0.476）.冠英镇水域生境鸟类群落不稳定,对岷江河应采取一定的保护措施.     

Branching pattern characteristics and anti-windbreakage ability of Pinus thunbergii in sandy coast

沙质海岸空间梯度上环境差异较大,黑松(Pinus thunbergii)在长期的适应过程中树冠结构变化也很大.为揭示黑松树冠结构与环境间的适应机制,在山东省胶南市灵山湾国家森林公园距海岸线0-50、200-250和400-450 m梯度内各设置1个样带,记为带Ⅰ、带Ⅱ、带Ⅲ,采用枝构型的理论和方法,对黑松的分枝格局进行了研究,并采用模拟自然风法测定了黑松枝条的抗风折能力.结果表明:1）在海岸梯度上黑松分枝格局差异较大,随着距离海岸越来越远,黑松各级枝的分枝长度、总体分枝率均逐渐增大,而枝径比和逐步分枝率逐渐减小,各级分枝角度表现为带Ⅰ＞带Ⅲ＞带Ⅱ.2）带Ⅰ树冠背风面与迎风面相比,分枝长度、分枝角度、分枝数量、枝条干枯率分别是迎风面的1.62、1.38、2.65和0.59倍,随着距离海岸越来越远,这种不对称性逐渐减弱,至带Ⅲ树冠基本对称.3）海风是影响带1分枝角度偏转、枝条干枯和冠型不对称现象的主要原因.4）带Ⅲ枝条的抗风折能力高于带Ⅰ,且两个样带模拟风速与枝条所承受的拉力之间的关系均符合逻辑斯蒂方程,相关系数R2均达0.97以上.该研究揭示了不同海岸梯度上黑松分枝格局的形成机制及其抗风折能力,可为沿海黑松防护林的合理经营提供科学依据.     

秦椒田天敌的调查及利用

研究表明:秦椒田天敌有70佘种,主要14种。以蜘蛛、瓢虫、寄生性天敌、食虫蝽为天敌优势类群。各类群天敌在椒田的发生季节和数量不同,主要受地区差异、栽培方式、椒田化学农药使用量的影响。秦椒田天敌种群数量与害虫发生密度成正相关(γ=0.43～0.79),对秦椒田害虫有很强的控制作用。采用麦椒间套、挖窝诱蛛、插种玉米、花生以及合理使用化学农药,对保护椒田天敌效果显著。     

螺旋毛壳ND35 β-1,3-葡聚糖酶的诱导、性质及其抑菌作用

 以病原菌Rhizoctonia solani的细胞壁为诱导物,模拟毛壳菌自然的重寄生过程,研究了内生真菌螺旋毛壳(Chaetomium spirale) ND35 β-1,3-葡聚糖酶的产酶条件、性质,尤其是不同碳源的调控作用。结果表明,不同种类的真菌细胞壁及几丁质和昆布多糖,均可诱导产生β-1,3-葡聚糖酶,而作为分解代谢产物的葡萄糖则抑制产酶。经硫酸铵沉淀、DEAE-Sepharose阴离子交换层析及Phenyl-Sepharose疏水层析,并通过SDS-PAGE鉴定,纯化了一种分子量约为73 kDa的内切β-1,3-葡聚糖酶GLUC73。其最适反应温度为55℃,在40℃以下较稳定;最适pH值为5.5,在pH 5-9范围内均很稳定;酶活性受Hg²⁺、Fe³⁺、Zn²⁺、Mg²⁺等金属离子不同程度的抑制,Mn²⁺和Co²⁺对酶有激活作用;以昆布多糖为底物时,该酶的米氏常数K_m为0.412 mg·mL^-1,最大反直速度V_max为3.876 U·mL^-1。粗酶液同时具有β-1,3-葡聚糖酶和几丁质酶活性,离体抑菌试验表明,对苹果炭疽病菌(Glomerella cingulata)、杨树腐烂病菌(Valsa sordida)、苹果树腐烂病菌(Valsa mali)的菌丝生长和孢子萌发有明显的抑制作用。通过对β-1,3-葡聚糖进行免疫细胞化学标记和超微结构观察,间接证明了β-1,3-葡聚糖酶在螺旋毛壳重寄生过程中的作用。     

The Use of a GUS Transformant of Trichoderma Harzianum, Strain T3a, to Study Metabolic Activity in the Spermosphere and Rhizosphere Related to Biocontrol of Pythium Damping-off And Root Rot

The activity of Trichoderma harzianum in the spermosphere and rhizosphere of different plant species was studied by use of a beta-glucuronidase (GUS) transformant (strain T3a). Hereby, direct observation of micro-habitats supporting metabolic activity of T. harzianum is reported. Germination of conidia and mycelial growth were not supported by exudates from healthy roots of various ages. Instead, growth and activity of T. harzianum depended on access to dead organic substrates such as seed coats, decaying roots, and wounds, including those caused by infecting pathogens. A correlation between the GUS activity of T. harzianum and the biomass of Pythium ultimum in infected roots was established. On the basis of our observations, we suggest that the biocontrol ability of T. harzianum involves competition with the pathogen for substrates including the seed coat, and wounded or infected root tissue.